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Black ants vs. carpenter ants - what's the difference?

What is the difference between black ants and carpenter ants?

Quick comparison: black ants vs. carpenter ants

  • Carpenter ants are significantly larger than most black ant species.
  • Carpenter ants can be black, red, or bicolored.
  • Carpenter ants are more likely to be found indoors, especially in damp or damaged wood.
  • Black ants, like the odorous house ant, nest in soil or wall voids
  • Carpenter ants tunnel into wood.

The difference between carpenter ants and black ants

These two groups are easy to confuse at a glance, especially since both can appear black. But size, nesting habits, and the damage they can cause set them apart significantly. For comparison purposes, we’ll take a look at carpenter ants and the odorous house ant, a common black ant species.

Carpenter ants

Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are one of the largest ant groups of ant species you'll encounter in the U.S. They're a wood-nesting species, which makes them a more serious concern for homeowners and businesses alike.

  • Appearance — 12mm to 18mm long; black, red, or bicolored; large, rounded thorax; bent antennae
  • Habitat — Nest inside moist or decaying wood, like walls, beams, window frames, and tree stumps
  • Behavior — Forage at night; excavate wood to build galleries (they don't eat it)
  • Risks — Can cause structural damage over time if left untreated

Odorous house ants

The odorous house ant (Tapinoma sessile) is one of the most common black ant species found in U.S. homes. Named for the rotten-coconut-like smell they emit when crushed, these ants are persistent indoor invaders.

  • Appearance — 2mm to 3mm long; dark brown to black; slender body; bent antennae
  • Habitat — Nest in wall voids, under floors, near moisture sources, and in soil; frequently enter homes in search of food
  • Behavior — Forage in trails; strongly attracted to sweet foods and sugary spills
  • Risks — Nuisance pest; can contaminate food but rarely cause structural damage

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Signs of an infestation

The signs differ depending on which ant you're dealing with. Carpenter ants leave behind sawdust-like frass near wood they've excavated. Look for it around baseboards, window frames, or wooden beams. You may also hear faint rustling inside the walls.

Odorous house ants are more visible: look for foraging trails leading to food sources in kitchens and pantries, or ants appearing near pipes and moisture sources inside the home. 

Prevention tips

Keep moisture in check. This is because carpenter ants are drawn to damp or decaying wood, so fix leaks, improve ventilation in crawl spaces, and replace any damaged timber around your home. Store firewood away from the house and trim back tree branches that touch the structure.

For odorous house ants, focus on food and moisture. Keep surfaces clean, fix any leaking pipes or damp areas, store food in sealed containers, and seal gaps. 

Both species can be persistent, so if DIY measures aren't working, our ant removal services can help get things under control.

If you're seeing ants around your home or business, our technicians can identify the species and recommend the right treatment.

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