What you need to know about pest birds
Lifecycle
A bird’s life cycle includes multiple stages: eggs, nestlings, juveniles, and adults. Depending on the species, pest birds can live anywhere from 3-10 years. Starlings and sparrows have an average lifespan of about three years, whereas pigeons can live anywhere from 6-10 years.
In many bird species, eggs typically hatch within 10-20 days, depending on temperature and the species. Nestlings are then fed by their parents until they are ready to fledge, or leave the nest, often within 15-30 days. Juveniles develop rapidly, acquiring essential foraging and survival skills during this phase, which is critical for species like sparrows and starlings, known for their rapid adaptability to urban environments.
In their adult phase, pest birds such as pigeons, starlings, and sparrows often live in densely populated areas, drawn to reliable food sources and nesting locations. This proximity to human structures can lead to significant structural and health concerns. For instance, pigeons’ acidic droppings can corrode building materials, while starlings and sparrows can introduce mites and pathogens into human habitats.
Nest
Pest birds’ nests can cause serious damage to properties because of where they are placed. Their nests and nesting materials can clog pipes, cause electrical outages, and can even attract other insect pests to your property. Pest birds are also very protective of their nests and can become aggressive if a human goes near one.
Pest birds’ nests can cause serious damage to properties because of where they are placed. Their nests and nesting materials can clog pipes, cause electrical outages, and can even attract other insect pests to your property. These birds are also very protective of their nests and can become aggressive if a human goes near one.
Feeding
Pest birds will feed on anything from human food to trash. Pigeons enjoy any type of human food, but prefer grains like sparrows. In addition to grains, sparrows will eat fruits, vegetables, and flowers, but they will also dig through trash. Starlings enjoy trash and spilled foods as sparrows do, but they will also feed on fruit, seeds, and grubs.
Birds like pigeons, sparrows, and starlings have highly adaptable diets, allowing them to thrive in urban environments. Pigeons, often found around public spaces, rely heavily on discarded human food, which can lead to large flock gatherings and greater contamination risks for areas like parks, sidewalks, and outdoor dining areas. Sparrows are known for their opportunistic feeding; while they favor grains and seeds, they’ll readily forage in garbage bins and on sidewalks, increasing the spread of disease and parasites.
Starlings, with their omnivorous diet, can be particularly problematic for gardens and agricultural areas where they consume fruits, seeds, and insects, impacting both property owners and crop yields. All three species contribute to sanitation issues, as their droppings, mixed with food remnants, attract insects like flies and cockroaches, posing additional health and maintenance challenges for property managers.
Diseases carried by birds
Birds are known to carry a range of diseases and are hosts to other insect pests. Humans can also develop symptoms similar to influenza from the spores from bird droppings. Some diseases associated with pest birds are:
Salmonella - This bacterium is deposited where pigeons or gulls defecate. It can lead to Salmonellosis and Paratyphoid fever.
Psittacosis - Also called Ornithosis or pigeon fancier's lung, this infection can be transmitted by inhaling the bacteria from dried droppings or handling feathers of infected pigeons or seagulls.
Fowl pest - Known also as fowl plague or Newcastle disease, this virus can be transmitted to people when they’re exposed to fecal matter and other excretions from infected pigeon birds.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) - This disease is mainly spread by seagulls and can lead to illnesses such as gastroenteritis and septicemia.
Fungal infections - Includes Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis. These infections are carried within bird droppings from seagulls.